Prof. Dr. Arnd Dörfler
Neuroradiology Department

The scientific focus of the Department of Neuroradiology is on multimodal imaging, especially in stroke, brain tumors, focal epilepsies, MS and dementia and on the minimally invasive treatment of cerebral aneurysms, vascular malformation, stenosis and acute stroke using state-of-the-art imaging technology including innovative flat-panel imaging and clinically approved ultrahigh-field 7 Tesla MRI.
Research projects
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU
- Professorship for Neuroradiology (Chair; W3)
- Professorship for multimodal clinical imaging (W2; Prof. Zaiss)
- Multimodal imaging of cerebrovascular diseases, epilepsy, neurooncology and neurodegenerative disease
- 7 Tesla Ultrahigh-field-neuroimaging
- Functional and metabolic MR-imaging
- Minimally invasive neurovascular and spinal interventions and interventional imaging
- AI applications in neuroimaging
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J111: Voxelomic Atlas: Single-Voxel Spatio-Spectral Homology Matching
(FAU Funds)
Project leader:
Term: 1. October 2024 - 31. March 2027We aim to develop a voxelomic atlas of the brain. We will leverage high-resolution, multi-spectral ex-vivo imaging data from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in combination with deep learning techniques, to compare single-voxel data between individuals. The atlas will serve as a tool to interpret single-voxel neuroanatomical variability. The project will build on preliminary work in sample preparation and data processing techniques. -
KFO 5024 (GB.Com): Immun-Checkpoints der Kommunikation zwischen Darm und Gehirn bei entzündlichen und neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen (GB.com)
(Third Party Funds Group – Overall project)
Project leader:
Term: 31. October 2023 - 31. October 2027
Acronym: KFO 5024 (GB.Com)
Funding source: DFG / Klinische Forschungsgruppe (KFO)
URL: https://www.kfo5024.med.fau.de/Die Darm-Hirn-Achse ist ein bidirektionales Kommunikationssystem, das durch neurale, hormonelle, metabolische, immunologische und mikrobielle Signale gesteuert wird. Zelluläre und molekulare Faktoren aus dem Darm können die Funktion des Gehirns modulieren und neuere Erkenntnisse deuten darauf hin, dass eine gestörte Kommunikation entlang dieser Achse eine zentrale Rolle bei der Pathogenese von gastrointestinalen und neurologischen Erkrankungen spielt. In diesem Zusammenhang deuten klinische Studien darauf hin, dass Patienten mit chronisch-entzündliche Darmerkrankung (CED) ein erhöhtes Risiko aufweisen, später an Morbus Parkinson zu erkranken. Darüber hinaus wird ein Zusammenhang zwischen Multiple Sklerose und CED vermutet. Aufgrund des starken Zusammenhangs zwischen gastrointestinaler Entzündung und Neurodegeneration/Neuroinflammation hat sich das Konzept der pathologischen "Darm-Hirn-Achse" entwickelt. Veränderungen des Mikrobioms (Dysbiose), sowie die Translokation von bakteriellen Antigenen und Entzündungszellen/ löslichen Faktoren über die Darmbarriere und Blut-Hirn-Schranke werden als wichtige Faktoren für strukturelle und funktionelle Veränderungen im Zentralnervensystem (ZNS) angenommen. Während das Konzept einer Darm-Hirn-Achse zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnt, ist eine eingehende Charakterisierung der Kommunikation zwischen beiden Organen begrenzt. Diese neuen Einblicke sind jedoch zwingend notwendig, um immunologische Schaltstellen dieses Netzwerk zu identifizieren. Das zentrale Ziel dieser klinischen Forschergruppe ist es daher, die Interaktionen zwischen dem Darm und Nervensystem entlang der Darm-Hirn-Achse bei immunvermittelten entzündlichen- und degenerativen Erkrankungen zu definieren. Die Verknüpfung der Forschungsschwerpunkte Immunologie und Neurowissenschaften ermöglich es uns dabei, einzigartige neue Erkenntnisse über die Pathogenese dieser Erkrankungen zu gewinnen, um somit die Grundlage zur Entwicklung neuer diagnostischer und therapeutischer Ansatzpunkte zu schaffen. Die Beeinflussung von Entzündungsprozessen in einem der beiden Organsysteme kann möglicherweise das Risiko minimieren, entlang dieser Achse entzündliche oder degenerative Begleiterscheinungen zu entwickeln. Um dieses Ziel zu verwirklichen, werden wir unserer Expertise im Bereich der präklinischen und klinischen Neuroimmunologie, Neurodegeneration, Gastroenterologie und mukolsalen Immunologie in einer Initiative vereinen und damit die traditionelle organzentrierte Betrachtungsweise von Entzündungsprozessen ersetzen. Unser langfristiges Ziel ist es dabei, die Mechanismen der Interaktionen von Darm und Gehirn im Detail zu entschlüsseln, um neue Biomarker und Zielstrukturen für Therapien zu identifizieren, neue therapeutische Ansätze zu entwickeln, mit denen Erkrankungen im Gastrointestinaltrakt und ZNS wirksam bekämpft oder sogar verhindert werden können. Hierdurch sollen neuartige Therapieansätze entwickelt werden.
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SFB 1540 - EBM: Exploring Brain Mechanics (EBM): Understanding, engineering and exploiting mechanical properties and signals in central nervous system development, physiology and pathology
(Third Party Funds Group – Overall project)
Project leader:
Term: 1. January 2023 - 31. December 2026
Acronym: SFB 1540 - EBM
Funding source: DFG / Sonderforschungsbereich / Transregio (SFB / TRR)
URL: https://www.crc1540-ebm.research.fau.eu/Thecentral nervous system (CNS) is our most complex organ system. Despite tremendousprogress in our understanding of the biochemical, electrical, and geneticregulation of CNS functioning and malfunctioning, many fundamental processesand diseases are still not fully understood. For example, axon growth patterns inthe developing brain can currently not be well-predicted based solely on thechemical landscape that neurons encounter, several CNS-related diseases cannotbe precisely diagnosed in living patients, and neuronal regeneration can stillnot be promoted after spinal cord injuries.
Duringmany developmental and pathological processes, neurons and glial cells aremotile. Fundamentally, motion is drivenby forces. Hence, CNS cells mechanicallyinteract with their surrounding tissue. They adhere to neighbouring cells and extracellular matrix using celladhesion molecules, which provide friction, and generate forces usingcytoskeletal proteins. These forces aretransmitted to the outside world not only to locomote but also to probe themechanical properties of the environment, which has a long overseen huge impacton cell function.
Onlyrecently, groups of several project leaders in this consortium, and a few other groupsworldwide, have discovered an important contribution of mechanical signalsto regulating CNS cell function. For example, they showed that brain tissuemechanics instructs axon growth and pathfinding in vivo, that mechanicalforces play an important role for cortical folding in the developing humanbrain, that the lack of remyelination in the aged brain is due to an increasein brain stiffness in vivo, and that many neurodegenerative diseases areaccompanied by changes in brain and spinal cord mechanics. These first insights strongly suggest thatmechanics contributes to many other aspects of CNS functioning, and it islikely that chemical and mechanical signals intensely interact at the cellularand tissue levels to regulate many diverse cellular processes.
The CRC 1540 EBM synergises the expertise of engineers, physicists,biologists, medical researchers, and clinicians in Erlangen to explore mechanicsas an important yet missing puzzle stone in our understanding of CNSdevelopment, homeostasis, and pathology. Our strongly multidisciplinary teamwith unique expertise in CNS mechanics integrates advanced invivo, in vitro, and in silico techniques across time(development, ageing, injury/disease) and length (cell, tissue, organ) scalesto uncover how mechanical forces and mechanical cell and tissue properties,such as stiffness and viscosity, affect CNS function. We especially focus on(A) cerebral, (B) spinal, and (C) cellular mechanics. Invivo and in vitro studies provide a basic understanding ofmechanics-regulated biological and biomedical processes in different regions ofthe CNS. In addition, they help identify key mechano-chemical factors forinclusion in in silico models and provide data for model calibration andvalidation. In silico models, in turn, allow us to test hypotheses without the need of excessive or even inaccessibleexperiments. In addition, they enable the transfer and comparison of mechanics data and findingsacross species and scales. They also empower us to optimise processparameters for the development of in vitro brain tissue-like matricesand in vivo manipulation of mechanical signals, and, eventually, pavethe way for personalised clinical predictions.
Insummary, we exploit mechanics-based approaches to advance ourunderstanding of CNS function and to provide the foundation for futureimprovement of diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders.
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SFB 1540 Y: Etablierung der Magnetresonanz-Elastographie an der FAU (Y)
(Third Party Funds Group – Sub project)
Overall project: SFB 1540: Erforschung der Mechanik des Gehirns (EBM): Verständnis, Engineering und Nutzung mechanischer Eigenschaften und Signale in der Entwicklung, Physiologie und Pathologie des zentralen Nervensystems
Project leader: ,
Term: 1. January 2023 - 31. December 2026
Acronym: SFB 1540 Y
Funding source: DFG / Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB) -
NR-SFB 1540/1 TP Y: Etablierung der Magnetresonanz-Elastographie an der FAU (Y)
(Third Party Funds Group – Sub project)
Overall project: SFB 1540: Erforschung der Mechanik des Gehirns (EBM): Verständnis, Engineering und Nutzung mechanischer Eigenschaften und Signale in der Entwicklung, Physiologie und Pathologie des zentralen Nervensystems
Project leader: ,
Term: 1. January 2023 - 31. December 2026
Acronym: NR-SFB 1540/1 TP Y
Funding source: DFG / Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB) -
SFB 1540 A02: Quantitative Charakterisierung von Fehlbildungen des Gehirns (A02)
(Third Party Funds Group – Sub project)
Overall project: SFB 1540 - EBM: Erforschung der Mechanik des Gehirns (EBM): Verständnis, Engineering und Nutzung mechanischer Eigenschaften und Signale in der Entwicklung, Physiologie und Pathologie des zentralen Nervensystems
Project leader: , ,
Term: 1. January 2023 - 31. December 2026
Acronym: SFB 1540 A02
Funding source: DFG / Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB)A02 stellt die zelluläre und extrazelluläre Zusammensetzung der menschlichen Hirnrinde unter physiologischen und pathophysiologischen Bedingungen quantitativ dar, z.B. genetisch definierte Fokale Kortikale Dysplasien und Polymikrogyrien. Darüber hinaus sollen mittels hochauflösenden und funktionellen MRT-Verfahren „Biomarker“ für unsere anatomisch-pathologischen und molekularen Befunde sowie visko-elastischen Messungen im Gehirngewebe (zusammen mit A01) ermittelt werden. Der Zugang zu menschlichem Hirngewebe ist ein herausragendes Merkmal von A02 und ergänzt die in EBM verfügbaren Tier- und Zellkulturmodelle.
2026
- Bernardoni, F., Arold, D., Schoppik, L., Bahnsen, K., Ge, R., Moreau, C.,... Ehrlich, S. (2026). Brain morphology in Anorexia Nervosa and its subtypes: A multi-cohort study of individual participant data. Plos Medicine, 23(5), e1004809-. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004809
- Bettray, C., Tsaktanis, T., Mennecke, A., Serrano, G.B., Lang, S., Lücking, H.,... Schmidt, M. (2026). Artificial Intelligence analysis of lesion dynamics and brain volume in patients with multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2026.107033
- Selvakumar, M., Mendez Torrijos, A., Konerth, L., Horndasch, S., Atreya, R., Dörfler, A.,... Heß, A. (2026). BrainInsights: a comprehensive framework for pre-processing, analysis, and interpretation of neuroimaging data using traditional statistics and machine learning. Frontiers in Neuroinformatics, 20. https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2026.1760583
- Singer, L., Möhle, T.A., Mennecke, A., Huhn, K., Rothhammer, V., Schmidt, M.,... Lang, S. (2026). AI-Based Brain Volumetry Without MPRAGE? Evaluation of Synthetic T1-MPRAGE from 2D T2/FLAIR †. Diagnostics, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16020317
2025
- Fröhlich, K., Macha, K., Siedler, G., Sekita, A., Haupenthal, D., Mrochen, A.,... Winder, K. (2025). Cerebral lesions in the central pain matrix are associated with headache in multiple sclerosis. Scientific Reports, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93869-7
- Gomaa, A., Huang, Y., Stephan, P., Breininger, K., Frey, B., Dörfler, A.,... Putz, F. (2025). A self-supervised multimodal deep learning approach to differentiate post-radiotherapy progression from pseudoprogression in glioblastoma. Scientific Reports, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02026-7
- Müller, C., Sembill, J., Kallmünzer, B., Bailer, M., Singer, L., Engelhorn, T.,... Sprügel, M. (2025). Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction, Edema Formation and Functional Recovery in Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke: A Retrospective Study. Neurology International, 17(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint17110177
- Singer, L., Heinze, D., Möhle, T., Sekita, A., Mennecke, A., Lang, S.,... Schmidt, M. (2025). AI-Assisted Edema Map Optimization Improves Infarction Detection in Twin-Spiral Dual-Energy CT. Brain Sciences, 15(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15080821
2024
- Rodriguez Salas, D., Rieß, C., Martín Vicario, C., Taubmann, O., Ditt, H., Schwab, S., & Dörfler, A. (2024). Analysing Variables for 90-Day Functional-Outcome Prediction of Endovascular Thrombectomy. In Moi Hoon Yap, Connah Kendrick, Ardhendu Behera, Timothy Cootes, Reyer Zwiggelaar (Eds.), Medical Image Understanding and Analysis. 28th Annual Conference, MIUA 2024, Manchester, UK, July 24–26, 2024, Proceedings, Part II (pp. 202–215). Manchester, GB: Cham: Springer.
2023
- Fröhlich, K., Mrochen, A., Wang, R., Haupenthal, D., Macha, K., Siedler, G.,... Winder, K. (2023). Cerebral lesions sites in neurosarcoidosis: a lesion mapping study. Journal of Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-023-11863-3
- Knott, M., Hölter, P., Soder, L., Schlaffer, S.-M., Hoffmanns, S., Lang, R.,... Schmidt, M. (2023). Can Perfusion-Based Brain Tissue Oxygenation MRI Support the Understanding of Cerebral Abscesses In Vivo? Diagnostics, 13(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13213346
- Kreitz, S., Mennecke, A., Konerth, L., Rösch, J., Nagel, A.M., Laun, F.B.,... Heß, A. (2023). 3T vs. 7T fMRI: capturing early human memory consolidation after motor task utilizing the observed higher functional specificity of 7T. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1215400
- Kreitz, S., Mennecke, A., Konerth, L., Rösch, J., Nagel, A.M., Laun, F.B.,... Heß, A. (2023). 3T vs. 7T fMRI: capturing early human memory consolidation after motor task utilizing the observed higher functional specificity of 7T. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1215400
- Lang, S., Hölter, P., Schmidt, M., Mrochen, A., Kuramatsu, J., Kaethner, C.,... Dörfler, A. (2023). Accuracy of Dose-Saving Artificial-Intelligence-Based 3D Angiography (3DA) for Grading of Intracranial Artery Stenoses: Preliminary Findings. Diagnostics, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13040712
- Reindl, C., Walther, K., Allgäuer, A.-L., Lang, J., Welte, T., Stritzelberger, J.,... Hamer, H. (2023). Age of epilepsy onset as modulating factor for naming deficit after epilepsy surgery: a voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping study. Scientific Reports, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40722-4
- Sembill, J., Lusse, C., Linnerbauer, M., Sprügel, M., Mrochen, A., Knott, M.,... Kuramatsu, J. (2023). Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Brain Communications, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcad159
- Winder, K., Villegas Millar, C., Siedler, G., Knott, M., Dörfler, A., Engel, A.,... Fröhlich, K. (2023). Acute right insular ischaemic lesions and poststroke left ventricular dysfunction. Stroke and Vascular Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1136/svn-2022-001724
2022
- Eisenhut, F., Heidelbach, C., Heynold, E., Manhart, M., Struffert, T., Brandner, S.,... Lang, S. (2022). Clinical Comparison of FD-CT and MS-CT in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: A Single Center Experience. Diagnostics, 12(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12102443
- Eisenhut, F., Schmidt, M., Kalik, A., Struffert, T., Feulner, J., Schlaffer, S.-M.,... Lang, S. (2022). Clinical Evaluation of an Innovative Metal-Artifact-Reduction Algorithm in FD-CT Angiography in Cerebral Aneurysms Treated by Endovascular Coiling or Surgical Clipping. Diagnostics, 12(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12051140
- Knott, M., Hölter, P., Hock, S., Mühlen, I., Gerner, S., Sprügel, M.,... Dörfler, A. (2022). Can flat-detector CT after successful endovascular treatment predict long-term outcome in patients with large vessel occlusion? An Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score–based study. Neurological Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-022-06511-z
- Kulvait, V., Hölter, P., Frysch, R., Haseljic, H., Dörfler, A., & Rose, G. (2022). A novel use of time separation technique to improve flat detector CT perfusion imaging in stroke patients. Medical Physics. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.15640
- Kuramatsu, J., Gerner, S., Ziai, W., Bardutzky, J., Sembill, J., Sprügel, M.,... Huttner, H. (2022). Association of Intraventricular Fibrinolysis With Clinical Outcomes in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis. Stroke, 53(9), 2876-2886. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.038455
- Levy, S., Herrler, J., Liebert, A., Tkotz, K., Fabian, M., Eisen, C.,... Nagel, A.M. (2022). Clinically compatible subject-specific dynamic parallel transmit pulse design for homogeneous fat saturation and water-excitation at 141657T: Proof-of-concept for 14165CEST MRI of the brain. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.29412
- Lücking, H., Hölter, P., Lang, S., Schmidt, M., Eisenhut, F., & Dörfler, A. (2022). Change your Angle of View Sinusoidal C-Arm Movement in Cranial Flat-panel CT to Improve Image Quality. Clinical Neuroradiology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00062-022-01172-z
- Mennecke, A., Khakzar, K.M., German, A., Herz, K., Fabian, M., Liebert, A.,... Zaiß, M. (2022). 7 tricks for 7 T CEST: Improving the reproducibility of multipool evaluation provides insights into the effects of age and the early stages of Parkinson's disease. NMR in Biomedicine. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.4717
- Oberstein, T., Schmidt, M., Florvaag, A., Haas, A.-L., Siegmann, E.-M., Olm, P.,... Maler, J.M. (2022). Amyloid-beta levels and cognitive trajectories in non-demented pTau181-positive subjects without amyloidopathy. Brain. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awac297
- Sembill, J., Lusse, C., Linnerbauer, M., Sprügel, M., Mrochen, A., Knott, M.,... Kuramatsu, J. (2022). CEREBROSPINAL FLUID BIOMARKERS FOR CEREBRAL AMYLOID ANGIOPATHY. In INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STROKE (pp. 8-8). LONDON: SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD.
2021
- Eisenhut, F., Engelhorn, T., Arinrad, S., Brandner, S., Coras, R., Putz, F.,... Schmidt, M. (2021). A Comparison of Single- and Multiparametric MRI Models for Differentiation of Recurrent Glioblastoma from Treatment-Related Change. Diagnostics, 11(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11122281
- German, A., Mennecke, A., Martin, J., Hanspach, J., Liebert, A., Herrler, J.,... Laun, F.B. (2021). Brain tissues have single-voxel signatures in multi-spectral MRI. NeuroImage, 234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117986
- Lang, S., Hölter, P., Schmidt, M., Strother, C., Kaethner, C., Kowarschik, M., & Dörfler, A. (2021). Artificial intelligence-based 3D angiography for visualization of complex cerebrovascular pathologies. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 42(10), 1722-1768. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7252
- Volbers, B., Gröger, R., Engelhorn, T., Marsch, A., Macha, K., Schwab, S.,... Kallmünzer, B. (2021). Acute Stroke With Large Vessel Occlusion and Minor Clinical Deficits: Prognostic Factors and Therapeutic Implications. Frontiers in Neurology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.736795
2020
- Eisenhut, F., Schmidt, M., Putz, F., Lettmaier, S., Fröhlich, K., Arinrad, S.,... Dörfler, A. (2020). Classification of primary cerebral lymphoma and glioblastoma featuring dynamic susceptibility contrast and apparent diffusion coefficient. Brain Sciences, 10(11), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10110886
- Hölter, P., Mühlen, I., Gölitz, P., Beuscher, V., Schwab, S., & Dörfler, A. (2020). Automated ASPECT scoring in acute ischemic stroke: comparison of three software tools. Neuroradiology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-020-02439-3
- Manava, P., Naraghi, R., Schmieder, R., Fahlbusch, R., Dörfler, A., Lell, M.M.,... Hastreiter, P. (2020). 3D-Visualization of Neurovascular Compression at the Ventrolateral Medulla in Patients with Arterial Hypertension. Clinical Neuroradiology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00062-020-00916-z
- Rech, J., Schenker, H., Tascilar, K., Hagen, M., Kleyer, A., Simon, D.,... Schett, G. (2020). Brain fMRI Predicts Responses to Certolizumab Pegol in RA. an International, Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebocontrolled Trial (PreCePRA). In ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY. HOBOKEN: WILEY.
- Rhein, C., Mühle, C., Lenz, B., Richter-Schmidinger, T., Kogias, G., Boix, F.,... Müller, C.P. (2020). Association of a CAMK2A genetic variant with logical memory performance and hippocampal volume in the elderly. Brain Research Bulletin, 161, 13-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.05.001
- Schenker, H., Rech, J., Tascilar, K., Hagen, M., Schoenau, V., Sergeeva, M.,... Schett, G. (2020). CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PAIN RESPONSE AND COMPONENTS OF DISEASE ACTIVITY IN RA PATIENTS AFTER TREATMENT WITH CERTOLIZUMAB OR PLACEBO: A POST-HOC ANALYSIS FROM THE PRECEPRA TRIAL. In ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES (pp. 135-136). , ELECTR NETWORK: LONDON: BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP.
- Stadlbauer, A., Kinfe, T.M., Zimmermann, M., Eyüpoglu, I.Y., Brandner, N., Buchfelder, M.,... Brandner, S. (2020). Association between tissue hypoxia, perfusion restrictions, and microvascular architecture alterations with lesion-induced impairment of neurovascular coupling. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X20947546